Author : Ted Jensen
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"Donald Duck",
"Minnie Mouse",
"Goofy",
"Ted Jensen" };
void bubble(void *p, int width, int N);
int compare(void *m, void *n);
int main(void)
{
int i;
putchar('\n');
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%s\n", arr2[i]);
}
bubble(arr2, 20, 5);
putchar('\n\n');
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
printf("%s\n", arr2[i]);
}
return 0;
}
void bubble(void *p, int width, int N)
{
int i, j, k;
unsigned char buf[MAX_BUF];
unsigned char *bp = p;
for (i = N-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
k = compare((void *)(bp + width*(j-1)), (void *)(bp + j*width));
if (k > 0)
{
memcpy(buf, bp + width*(j-1), width);
memcpy(bp + width*(j-1), bp + j*width , width);
memcpy(bp + j*width, buf, width);
}
}
}
}
int compare(void *m, void *n)
{
char *m1 = m;
char *n1 = n;
return (strcmp(m1,n1));
}
/*------------------- end of bubble6.c ---------------------*/
But, the fact that bubble() was unchanged from that used in bubble5.c indicates that that function is capable of sorting a wide variety of data types. What is left to do is to pass to bubble() the name of the comparison function we want to use so that it can be truly universal. Just as the name of an array is the address of the first element of the array in the data segment, the name of a function decays into the address of that function in the code segment. Thus we need to use a pointer to a function. In this case the comparison function.
Pointers to functions must match the functions pointed to in the number and types of the parameters and the type of the return value. In our case, we declare our function pointer as:
int (*fptr)(const void *p1, const void *p2);
Note that were we to write:
int *fptr(const void *p1, const void *p2);
we would have a function prototype for a function which returned a pointer to type int. That is because in C the parenthesis () operator have a higher precedence than the pointer * operator. By putting the parenthesis around the string (*fptr) we indicate that we are declaring a function pointer.
We now modify our declaration of bubble() by adding, as its 4th parameter, a function pointer of the proper type. Its function prototype becomes:
void bubble(void *p, int width, int N,
int(*fptr)(const void *, const void *));
When we call the bubble(), we insert the name of the comparison function that we want to use. bubble7.c illustrate how this approach permits the use of the same bubble() function for sorting different types of data.
/*------------------- bubble7.c ------------------*/
/* Program bubble_7.c from PTRTUT10.HTM 6/10/97 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_BUF 256
long arr[10] = { 3,6,1,2,3,8,4,1,7,2};
char arr2[5][20] = { "Mickey Mouse",
"Donald Duck",
"Minnie Mouse",
"Goofy",
"Ted Jensen" };
void bubble(void *p, int width, int N,
int(*fptr)(const void *, const void *));
int compare_string(const void *m, const void *n);
int compare_long(const void *m, const void *n);
int main(void)
{
int i;
puts("\nBefore Sorting:\n");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) /* show the long ints */
{
printf("%ld ",arr[i]);
}
puts("\n");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) /* show the strings */
{
printf("%s\n", arr2[i]);
}
bubble(arr, 4, 10, compare_long); /* sort the longs */
bubble(arr2, 20, 5, compare_string); /* sort the strings */
puts("\n\nAfter Sorting:\n");
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) /* show the sorted longs */
{
printf("%d ",arr[i]);
}
puts("\n");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) /* show the sorted strings */
{
printf("%s\n", arr2[i]);
}
return 0;
}
void bubble(void *p, int width, int N,
int(*fptr)(const void *, const void *))
{
int i, j, k;
unsigned char buf[MAX_BUF];
unsigned char *bp = p;
for (i = N-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
for (j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
k = fptr((void *)(bp + width*(j-1)), (void *)(bp + j*width));
if (k > 0)
{
memcpy(buf, bp + width*(j-1), width);
memcpy(bp + width*(j-1), bp + j*width , width);
memcpy(bp + j*width, buf, width);
}
}
}
}
int compare_string(const void *m, const void *n)
{
char *m1 = (char *)m;
char *n1 = (char *)n;
return (strcmp(m1,n1));
}
int compare_long(const void *m, const void *n)
{
long *m1, *n1;
m1 = (long *)m;
n1 = (long *)n;
return (*m1 > *n1);
}
/*----------------- end of bubble7.c -----------------*/
References for Chapter 10:
"Algorithms in C"
Robert Sedgewick
Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0-201-51425-7
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